Belgium finally allows for electronically signing employment contracts
Electronic signatures In Belgium, an employment contract executed by using an electronic signature generated by an electronic identity card or an electronic signature that meets the same security criteria as the signature generated by the electronic identity card, is considered equivalent to an employment contract bearing a wet ink signature.
“Moral Damages” in Brazil: What Foreign Businesses Need to Know
“Moral damages” (“danos morais”, in Portuguese), refer to compensation awarded to individuals or entities that have suffered non-material harm, such as damage to reputation, violations of personal rights or emotional distress.
Ultimate Beneficial Owner Declaration in Brazil
Brazilian regulation requires all companies, both national and foreign, registered in the National Registry of Legal Entities (CNPJ), to declare the existence or non-existence of an Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) within thirty (30) days from the date of registration with the CNPJ, in accordance with the guidelines contained in the Normative Instruction No. 2119/2022, issued …
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COMPETITION LAW: STRATEGIC AND PROCEDURAL CONSIDERATIONS
DEFINING COMPETITION LAW
Navigating the Legal Minefield: Protecting Legitimate Transactions Amid Gambling and Moneylending Disputes
Introduction Recent decisions by the Malaysian Federal Court have raised concerns about the enforcement of financial transactions, particularly in cases involving gambling debts, moneylending, and legitimate commercial arrangements like put option agreements.
＜AI Update＞ AI Inventorship: IP High Court in Japan Rules AI Cannot Be Listed as Inventor
Keiji Tonomura Yoshiteru Matsuzaki Masahiro Kondo Executive Summary A recent ruling has reinforced that judicial interpretation alone cannot extend inventorship to AI systems under existing patent law. On January 30, 2025, the Japanese Intellectual Property High Court ruled that AI-generated inventions cannot receive patent protection under the current Japanese patent law.[1] The Court held that …
The Governance Structure for Ghanaian Businesses
This article examines the governance structures of various business entities in Ghana, such as Sole Proprietorships, Partnerships, Companies Limited by Shares, Companies Unlimited by Shares, Companies Limited by Guarantee, and External Companies. It offers a comprehensive overview of the governance framework applicable to these business types in Ghana. The objective of this article is to …
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Brand Protection in Brazil: Strategic Negotiation as a Tool to Prevent Litigation
In today’s global economy, trademarks are no longer mere identifiers — they are core business assets that influence brand equity, consumer loyalty, and competitive positioning. For companies operating in Brazil, a jurisdiction that balances formal legal procedures with complex market realities, brand protection must be comprehensive and forward-thinking.
Navigating the Tussle between PMLA and IBC: Legal Interplay and Judicial Perspectives
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC), and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), address different issues and were created for distinct purposes.