Allen & Gledhill LLP is at the pinnacle of the labour and employment field, bringing extensive expertise and resources to contentious and non-contentious matters. It also offers wide-ranging experience in health and safety issues, including workplace injury claims and industrial accidents. Along with its steady pipeline of major advisory and transactional engagements, it is also at the forefront of investigations and large-scale disputes, notably appearing in a recent test case on enforcing employee performance ratios. Kelvin Wong and Sanjiv Rajan, who is recognised for both contentious and non-contentious engagements, co-head the employment, health and safety team in Singapore, which includes highly impressive employment litigation specialist Tay Yong Seng , who is ‘a match for any silk’. Christine Tee is also noted for employment disputes. Vincent Leow has left the firm.
Labour and employment: local firms in Singapore
Allen & Gledhill LLP
Practice head(s):
Sanjiv Rajan; Kelvin Wong
Other key lawyers:
Tay Yong Seng; Christine Tee
Testimonials
‘Tay Yong Seng and his team are always willing to assist and give prompt and practical advice in all labour-related matters.’
‘Great team; very good legal skills and commercially dynamic.’
‘Tay Yong Seng has a razor sharp legal mind and is a very powerful advocate. He combines a brilliant Oxford mind with exceptional trial expertise. He is an absolutely first rate litigator, one of the strongest court advocates of his generation. Thoroughly impressed by his legal brilliance and tireless dynamism. A match for any silk.’
‘Tay Yong Seng is the best employment litigation lawyer in Singapore. I have engaged his team on many occasions and he has won the resulting litigation 100% of the time. Extremely intelligent, Oxford educated, with an encyclopaedic knowledge of the law and legal practice.’
‘Tay Yong Seng is a phenomenal lawyer. His understanding of the law and legal process is second to none. And the proof is in his extraordinary success rate.’
‘The labour and employment team at Allen & Gledhill is the best in Singapore. The team has never let me down in terms of understanding of the law and legal processes. I have always had a highly satisfactory outcome.’
‘Tay Yong Seng is especially great in employment and litigation case management, smart flexible thinking and strong fighting spirits. He is the lawyer to ask for advice on the most important case.’
‘The team is experienced and able to handle the work with much practical advice and considerations. Prompt and good service with attention to detail.’
Work highlights
- Acted for BGC in a High Court test case on enforcing employee performance ratios.
- Acted for an employer and its insurer in a claim brought by an employee for a workplace injury.
Baker McKenzie Wong & Leow
Baker McKenzie Wong & Leow combines its strong local expertise with exceptional international talent, along with its ability to tap into the resources of the global firm. The Singapore team represents a range of multinationals from multiple industries and is frequently engaged by clients to conduct investigations into alleged discrimination, breaches of internal policies and other matters. The group is also experienced in corporate restructurings and employee transfers, along with often representing clients in litigation before the Singapore courts. Celeste Ang is a leading name in the market, widely recognised for her expertise in investigations and large disputes. Kelvin Poa is another rounded practitioner with a background in advisory and transaction-related issues, including contracts, separation agreements, and non-solicitation and non-competition terms. Zhao Yang Ng is an emerging talent in employment investigations, trade union negotiations and immigration matters. Pradeep Nair was promoted to local principal in 2023.
Practice head(s):
Celeste Ang; Kelvin Poa
Other key lawyers:
Zhao Yang Ng; Pradeep Nair
Testimonials
‘The team is always very engaged and prompt in attending to requests and queries. Very dedicated to providing good legal service to their clients. They also provide a practical and pragmatic perspective of the issue.’
‘Celeste Ang is always responsive to every request. She is a good listener who seeks to understand the client’s objective before providing her perspective.’
‘Baker McKenzie Singapore provides practical, business-oriented employment legal advice, and is always able to do so on a tight timeline. The partner and associates with whom I have worked are all very strong and I am confident that the advice they provide to me is sound.’
‘This is a top Singapore employment practice, with exceptional strength in both transactional and advisory, and disputes and investigative work.’
‘Celeste Ang is a formidable disputes lawyer with a strong focus on employment law.’
‘Zhao Yang Ng is a very switched-on and plugged in transactional employment lawyer whom I have no hesitation in recommending.’
‘The team’s size and quality are unmatched in the industry.’
‘Zhao Yang Ng provides outstanding client service with business-friendly and straightforward advice.’
Drew & Napier LLC
Drew & Napier LLC has an established team that is equally adept in disputes, alongside transactional, non-contentious and advisory matters. The firm represents a variety of local and international clients on all employment issues, including investigations, restructurings, trade union negotiations, and employment litigation. Head of the employment department Kelvin Tan remains at the forefront of contentious and advisory matters, including termination of employment, restructurings, and enforcement of post-termination restrictive covenants. Fellow department head Benjamin Gaw (‘knowledgeable and sound’) is a leader in transactional and non-contentious issues, such as employment contracts, handbooks and policies, along with employee stock option plans, and trade union and collective agreements. Lim Chong Kin and Rakesh Kirpalani (‘exemplifies leadership and expertise in the field’) are also senior members of the department.
Practice head(s):
Kelvin Tan; Benjamin Gaw
Other key lawyers:
Desmond Chng; Lim Chong Kin; Rakesh Kirpalani; Benjamin Goh
Testimonials
‘Desmond Chng is responsive, clever, shrewd and has first rate tactical acumen.’
‘Kelvin Tan is a steady hand in murky waters, offering practical and sound legal and commercial advice. ’
‘Drew & Napier’s labour and employment practice is distinguished by its exceptional expertise and strategic approach to complex employment issues. The team offers comprehensive legal support, excelling in both contentious and non-contentious matters with deep knowledge of local laws. Their pragmatic, commercially viable advice sets them apart, while innovations like leveraging technology for efficiency, and offering flexible billing arrangements enhance client service. This unique combination of legal expertise, innovative solutions, and client focus makes Drew & Napier a top choice for employment law matters.’
‘Rakesh Kirpalani, exemplifies leadership and expertise in the field. His deep understanding of employment law and strategic approach to complex issues make him a highly respected figure in the legal community. Rakesh is known for his ability to deliver pragmatic and commercially viable solutions, which has earned him the trust and admiration of clients. Rakesh practices with a heart. He appreciates commercial budgets and constraints, providing flexible billing options to help his clients achieve their objectives in the most cost efficient manner.’
‘Benjamin Gaw is knowledgeable and sound.’
‘They have practical experience and helped me as their client to understand what to expect and what we should do or say during interviews with the authorities.’
‘Kelvin Tan and Benjamin Goh operate on super high availability basis and are genuinely willing to advise and guide us even before a formal fee quote has been agreed. This helped us to handle contentious matters with authorities, which tend to be very time-sensitive matters. Their experience and strategic guidance also help us to achieve an outcome that is favourable for us.’
‘Benjamin Goh is responsive and insightful on employment issues. His commercial approach to legal solutions is well-appreciated.’
Key clients
Abbvie
Align Technology
Aries Fertilizers Group
Chevron
Clarins
Digital Realty
Fujitsu Components Asia
Fullerton Fund Management
Hertz Corporation
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation – Singapore branch (HSBC Singapore)
Marina Bay Sands
McCormick Ingredients
Michael Welter
MOH Holdings
MSA SE Asia
Nippecraft
SAP Asia
Singapore Airlines
Work highlights
- Advised a subsidiary of a US listed company which was recently involved in acquiring another listed company in the US and needed to merge its operations, including its HR operations.
- Advised a client, which is a part of an international financial group with operations in Asia and Europe, on its restructuring efforts, which included terminating its employment relationship with a senior executive with oversight over its European operations.
Rajah & Tann Asia
Rajah & Tann Asia has one of the largest labour and employment teams in Singapore. It is noted for domestic and regional ASEAN engagements, along with international matters through its extensive global connections and membership of Ius Laboris, the global labour and employment legal network. The firm advises numerous multinationals on employment policies and human resources reviews, along with negotiations with trade unions. It is a leader in representing clients in employment disputes, and grievance and disciplinary processes. It also has a fine record in investigations, and retrenchment and restructuring exercises. Desmond Wee heads the non-contentious side of the practice, notably handling trade union matters, retrenchment and termination of employment exercises, along with other areas. Jonathan Yuen heads the employment disputes team having an extensive background in representing employers and c-suite executives in major cases, including defending corporates and financial institutions against headline discrimination claims; he is also rated for employment investigations. Ang Tze Phern is also highly rated by clients for contentious matters and disputes. Murali Pillai SC has left the firm.
Practice head(s):
Desmond Wee; Jonathan Yuen
Other key lawyers:
Ang Tze Phern
Testimonials
‘Attentive and available.’
‘The team is solution-focused and combines excellent legal advice with practical and strategic advice to provide the best guidance for clients.’
‘Ang Tze Phern has an excellent command of the law and a highly strategic mind, and is able to craft good solutions to multi-faceted legal problems involving various non-legal considerations.’
‘Ang Tze Phern is a safe pair of hands and very sensible.’
‘Jonathan Yuen and team is knowledgeable and well respected for this area of law. And he provides very sound advice which demonstrates strength in their knowledge.’
‘Jonathan Yuen provides good advice and also provides a different perspective on the matter, including practical solutions. Overall, he demonstrates strong professionalism.’
‘The employment team under Ang Tze Phern has proven to be an exceptional partner in handling our employment legal matters. Their commitment to excellence is evident in every interaction we’ve had with them. Their legal advice is not only timely but also highly accurate and tailored to our specific needs. R&T demonstrates a deep understanding of our industry and business goals, offering advice that is both legally sound and commercially practical.’
‘I have been working with Ang Tze Phern and one key quality where he stands out from the rest is his responsiveness. Whether it’s an urgent query or a routine update, he consistently provides prompt responses, ensuring that we are always informed and able to make timely decisions. What more, through his work, TP shows his keen awareness of commercial realities. He provides guidance that not only aligns with legal standards but also supports our broader business objectives, making him a valuable strategic partner.’
Key clients
Standard Chartered Bank (Singapore)
Fullerton Healthcare Group
Bank Pictet & Cie
Zuellig Pharma
Gaw Capital
Resorts World Sentosa
InterContinental Hotel Group
Marriott International Group
Visa Worldwide International
Work highlights
- Acting for a top international investment bank in successfully striking out an approximately S$4 million claim for discrimination, breach of employment contract, defamation and loss of income claim from an ex-employee and subsequently successfully defending against the appeal.
- Advised Fullerton Healthcare Group, valued at S$1.5 billion in end 2022, on a complex workplace investigation involving alleged corruption and multi-jurisdictional money-laundering scheme.
- Advised and acted for Standard Chartered Bank in defending and striking out a claim brought by an ex-employee for breach of duty of care and contract in relation to serious allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct involving senior bank employees.
WongPartnership LLP
WongPartnership LLP continues to elevate its reputation in the labour and employment field with high levels of specialisation covering every key area. It remains known for its expertise in misconduct investigations, retrenchments exercises, trade union negotiations and large disputes. Department heads, Jenny Tsin and Vivien Yui, cover contentious and non-contentious employment matters respectively, both having more than 20 years of experience in the field; Yui has a background in share incentive plans, corporate restructurings, other transaction-related matters and immigration issues, while Tsin is noted for negotiating exit agreements and managing disputes. The firm represents many of Singapore’s largest corporates and institutions, along with a numerous multinationals and international financial sponsors. Chang Qi-Yang is another senior practitioner in the employment disputes arena.
Practice head(s):
Vivien Yui; Jenny Tsin
Other key lawyers:
Chang Qi-Yang
Testimonials
‘The employment team at WongPartnership is very strong with Vivien Yui and Jenny Tsin each having their strength in commercial and litigation respectively. They are both very commercial savvy and provide excellent, practical and speedy advice. Client care I think is the key of their success.’
‘They have consistently delivered excellent work product and I was impressed to see how they get straight to the point in a complicated matters. They give solid and practical legal advice to clients, and their skills are maximised in preventing and resolving disputes between employers and employees.’
‘Jenny Tsin is a go-to lawyer if you are looking for help to address any complicated labour and employment issue in the Singapore market. She is experienced in all aspects of employment laws, with particular focus on preventing and resolving disputes between employers and employees. Her corporate law and dispute background and her experiences in handling labour and employment matters in Singapore are what makes her so good at providing solid and practical legal advice to corporate clients.’
‘Great team to deal with – advice is clear and commercial. Would have no hesitation in recommending them.’
‘WongPartnership’s labour and employment practice has been professional throughout the entire process from its partners to its associates. I also find that the team was able to deliver complex advice within a short time frame. More importantly, the team was not only very cooperative but provided services that exceeded all of our expectations.’
‘I would like to specifically mention Chang Qi-Yang. While his expertise and experience are already well known in the industry, I believe what stands him out is the level of detail he gives to each case.’
‘WongPartnership’s employment law team stands out as the best in the country. This is an all-around team which deep expertise in employment advisory, investigation and court disputes.’
‘Jenny Tsin and Chang Qi-Yang are my go-to lawyers in Singapore for employment matters. Both provide business language friendly and straight to the point legal advice. Their advice and legal solutions are comprehensively rendered from end-to-end.’
Key clients
Celanese
Exyte Singapore
Teleperformance USA
Korn Ferry
Nanofilm Technologies International
Nikon Singapore
CapitaLand Group
Keppel Corporation
Cordlife Group
IHH Healthcare
Christian Dior
LVMH (Tag Heuer)
CPG Corporation
AerCap
Asia Capital Reinsurance Group
JP Morgan
Butterfield
L Catterton Asia
SMRT Corporation
GEA
LexisNexis Group
Banyan Tree Hotel & Resorts
AVTEL
RH Petrogas
Blockchain.com
Work highlights
- Acted for entities within a group of companies that are listed in Europe in a dispute brought by a disgruntled senior employee for alleged claims including, wrongful termination, purported bonus payments in excess of $3.9m and negligent misrepresentation and/or misstatements.
- Engaged by O&G company to assist in its review process into matters highlighted by whistleblowers pertaining to, amongst others, alleged bribery and alleged changes to contracting arrangement by its subsidiary’s management.
Bird & Bird ATMD LLP
Bird & Bird ATMD LLP is a major global player in employment law with the Singapore office upholding the firm’s international reputation. The Singapore office has a dedicated team headed by specialist partner Seow Hui Goh. It has a presence in the local and regional markets, covering both contentious and non-contentious matters. The office continues to handle high-value and sensitive cases for prestigious clients, including defending businesses against wrongful dismissal claims, and assisting clients with the employment aspects of M&A transactions and redundancy exercises.
Practice head(s):
Seow Hui Goh
Testimonials
‘Great turn around, out of the box thinking, solution orientated, clear and concise advice.’
Dentons Rodyk
Dentons Rodyk leverages its extensive expertise from across the firm to deliver a broad spectrum of contentious and non-contentious experience in the labour and employment field. It represents an impressive number of local and regional businesses, along with the local operations of multinationals. It remains prominent in headline employment disputes and large-scale advisory matters, including contracts, employee handbooks and other HR matters. The firm has a large number of senior practitioners that are committed to the employment sector. Deputy managing partner and co-head of the employment group Edric Pan has mix of contentious and non-contentious work, defending clients against large claims and advising on key matters such as enforcing non-compete clauses. I-An Lim and Ray Chiang are partners in the corporate department and also co-head the employment team, with particular expertise in employment contracts, handbooks and trade union negotiations. Mark Seah is also rated for employment disputes.
Practice head(s):
Edric Pan; I-An Lim; Ray Chiang
Other key lawyers:
Mark Seah
Key clients
PNG Sustainable Development Program
TSMP Law Corporation
TSMP Law Corporation operates across the contentious and non-contentious areas, representing a variety of corporates and c-suite individuals. It is frequently referred engagements from large international law firms. The firm has advised large Singapore organisations on major investigations and transaction-related issues (including equity and compensation) over the last year, along with substantial and headline disputes. It ‘delivers an exceptional service and expertise that rivals larger competitors in the industry’. Department head Ian Lim has over 20 years’ experience in labour and employment matters, with an established record in contentious, transactional and regulatory matters. Nicholas Ngo (‘thinks outside the box’) provides additional senior-level expertise. Angela Chai is making an impression at the senior associate level.
Practice head(s):
Ian Lim
Other key lawyers:
Nicholas Ngo; Angela Chai
Testimonials
‘Ian Lim and Nicholas Ngo are very personable and easy to work with. They understand the nuts and bolts of employment law and are responsive to demanding timelines. There was once when I had to ask Nicholas to respond even when he was at a firm retreat and he came through for me.’
‘TSMP is a well-respected firm that punches above its weight. Its employment and labour practice delivers an exceptional service and expertise that rivals larger competitors in the industry.’
‘Ian Lim is a clever lawyer who provides practical advice and delivers services with great style, combining expertise with a polished, sophisticated approach to consistently exceed expectations. Nicholas Ngo, who recently was made a director of the firm, is also hardworking and thinks outside the box. ’
‘The team is the very definition of dedication to their client’s needs. They are responsive and ever willing to explain the procedural idiosyncrasies that one may not be familiar with. They listen intently and can explain in simple terms why something will or will not work.’
‘Ian Lim is an outstanding partner who is easy to work with and drives his team to provide the same standard of excellence. It is a joy to witness him come up with his quick and meaningful retort v opposing counsel. Angela Chai is a rising star who can quickly sift through voluminous documents and break down complex concepts. Ian and his team have taken the time to understand and have made it a point to remember the business model so we don’t have to re-explain again and again.’
‘Ian Lim and his team are always available and very responsive. Their advisory work is practical and balanced.’
‘Ian Lim and his team are experts in employment law, known for their detailed advice and guidance through complex legal processes. They respond quickly and work tirelessly to support their clients, ensuring a high level of client service. What sets them apart is their combination of deep legal knowledge and a proactive, client-centric approach.’
‘Ian Lim is an excellent lawyer. He has solid technical knowledge and is practical in his approach to finding solutions. Above all, he’s personable and it’s a pleasure working with him.’
Key clients
Citibank
DHL
Emerson
FIS
IBM
Work highlights
- Advised Singapore Exchange (SGX) listed TEHO International and its subsidiary TEHO Water on its investigations into endemic corporate fraud and misconduct by TEHO Water’s ex-Managing Director, and acted for TEHO against the MD and his company in Singapore High Court proceedings for damages and injunctions.
- Advised major Singapore insurer Singlife on employment, equity and compensation issues arising out of its 100% acquisition by Sumitomo Life, with the transaction valued at a Singapore record S$4.6 billion for the insurance industry.
- Advising and acting pro bono for a foreign worker in his prospective appeal against an Employment Claims Tribunals (“ECT”) Order.
Withers KhattarWong LLP
Withers KhattarWong LLP has an especially strong reputation in employment litigation, particularly where it acts for senior executives against large corporates. It also represents a range of corporates and business owners in connection with employment contracts, HR policies and investigations into employee misconduct. It has a fine record in onboarding, termination, exits, redundancies and departure package issues. Amarjit Kaur is a recognised employment specialist with a fine reputation in contentious and non-contentious matters, particularly for senior executives. Deborah Barker SC is an immensely experienced litigator with a considerable focus on employment disputes.
Practice head(s):
Amarjit Kaur; Deborah Barker SC
Testimonials
‘Amarjit Kaur is warm, personable and always focused on solving commercial problems.’
‘Amarjit Kaur stands out. She fights very hard, especially for her employment clients who are individuals, and is able to present the sometimes limited merits of their cases in a compelling and persuasive manner.’
Key clients
President of B2B and B2C Sales at Teleperformance Singapore
CNPLaw LLP
CNPLaw LLP’s established client relationships and solid reputation in Singapore continues to bring it quality employment engagements for large multinationals and local businesses. It continues to assist clients with corporate restructurings and retrenchment exercises, along with immigration advice, employment contracts for senior employees and post-termination obligations. Wong Pei-Ling has emerged as the firm’s primary practitioner in the employment sphere with further expertise provided by Pradeep Kumar Singh.
Practice head(s):
Pradeep Kumar Singh; Wong Pei-Ling
Testimonials
‘The team is responsive, prompt, professional and comprehensive when providing legal advice.’
‘They are very patient with all of our questions and take the time to explain the rationale behind their advice. CNPLaw is a trusted partner and we are grateful to work with them.’
Harry Elias Partnership
Harry Elias Partnership is a well established firm in the employment area, especially recognised for its expertise in disputes, including wrongful termination claims and cases linked breaches of contractual obligations, such as non-complete and non-solicitation clauses. Toh Wei Yi is head of the employment team, handling a mix of contentious and non-contentious matters, including drafting employment contracts, termination of employment and retrenchment, and employment disputes. Suressh S is noted for representing employers and employees in disputes involving restrictive covenants.
Practice head(s):
Toh Wei Yi
Other key lawyers:
Suressh S
Testimonials
‘They are good litigators, business oriented and cost-effective.’
Key clients
Luxottica SEA
Russell Reynolds
eShop World
Iris Worldwide
Gate Gourmet
Sean “Dante Chen” Tan
3D Infosystems
Work highlights
- Acted for 3D Infosystems in claims against its former employee and new employer.
Morgan Lewis Stamford LLC
Morgan Lewis Stamford LLC has devoted considerable expertise and resources to the labour and employment area, drawing a consistent pipeline of compliance and regulatory, employment contract and agreement, and drafting handbook engagements, along with contentious matters such as employment terminations and investigations into employee misconduct. It has continued to make its mark in disputes, including defending clients against wrongful dismissal claims and in connection with enforcing or challenging restrictive covenants. Wai Ming Yap is a transactional lawyer with a background in employment issues, while Wendy Tan has over 20 years’ experience in contentious and non-contentious employment.
Practice head(s):
Wendy Tan; Wai Ming Yap
Key clients
Efinity Capital Management
William Morris Endeavor Entertainment
The Myers-Briggs Company
Charles Monat Associates
Meta
BBVA Singapore Branch
Chartered Industries (Far East)
Apollo Advisors
Korn Ferry
General Dynamics and its subsidiaries, including Jet Aviation Singapore and Gulfstream International Corporation
AstraZeneca
Proofpoint
Shook Lin & Bok LLP
Shook Lin & Bok LLP is recognised for its full-service approach to employment law with its mix of contentious and non-contentious expertise, and its focus on multinationals, local businesses and senior executives. The firm particularly stands out for contentious matters, including wrongful dismissal claims, employee misconduct and the enforcement of and defence against restrictive covenants. It is also noted for advising businesses on general employment requirements, such as the imposition of non-competition and non-solicitation obligations. Teo Mae Shaan has a non-contentious background with a primary emphasis on M&A, corporate transactions, employment and regulatory compliance. Joseph Tay has a background in contentious and non-contentious matters, including general employment and HR advice, along with partnership disputes, restrictive covenant issues and post-termination employment obligations. Charles Lim is another key partner.
Practice head(s):
Joseph Tay; Teo Mae Shaan
Other key lawyers:
Charles Lim; Eric Chan
Testimonials
‘Full service team with the right blend of corporate, employment and support teams to advise on mandates where local Singapore law advice is required.’
‘Teo Mae Shaan is responsive and knowledgeable.’
‘The firm has a great balance of commercial knowledge and legal expertise. They are highly flexible and capable of supporting us on a wide range of legal issues, from contract negotiations to advising on complex legal matters.’
‘I find in particular partners Eric Chan and Charles Lim highly responsive and approachable. They have broad experiences which help us to consider matters and implication that we may not have thought about, often going beyond the scope of the brief.’
‘Very good at applying a litigation lens to potential employment issues. Good at adding client protections to boilerplate contractual documents.’
‘Responsiveness – almost real time. Thinking outside the box. Commercial. Always trying to spot how the client may be affected.’
Work highlights
- Acted for the Envy Companies and liquidators in commencing a suit against 8 former employees to recover approximately S$45m in commissions and/or profit-sharing.
- Acted for the Singapore arm of a major Indian asset management company in a dispute with an ex-employee, a high profile fund manager.
- Acted for Tan Woon Yong, in a dispute with his previous employer, SynergixTechnologies.
Virtus Law LLP
Virtus Law LLP has an established team covering both contentious and non-contentious matters. Its client base ranges from major multinationals to high net-worth individuals; it has a particularly close connection to Japanese clients and to insurance companies. The firm remains noted for High Court litigation, including disputes connected to alleged breaches of restrictive covenants, and team-move advice. It is also recognised for restructurings, retrenchments and employee transfers. Christine Ong has a background in contentious and non-contentious matters, while Sheetal Sandhu is experienced in restructurings and M&A-related matters, along with employee share option plans.
Practice head(s):
Christine Ong; Sheetal Sandhu
Testimonials
‘I very much appreciate the labour and employment law practice of Virtus Law for its easy access and hands-on and practical advice. Working with them is time-efficient, which translates into economic efficiency at the same time.’
‘Christine Ong is my ‘speed-dial’ contact for any ad-hoc employment law questions. Christine has always been available, when I needed her advice. And her advice is straight to the point, including the calling out of weaknesses in a case or an envisaged strategy.’