JUDICIAL EFFICIENCY AND THE FUTURE OF PRIVILEGE: INTRODUCING REFEREES INTO INDIAN LAW
I. Introduction The Indian judiciary operated under a great burden, with over five crore pending cases and a poor judge-to-population ratio of just 21 judges per million. The Law Commission of India had recommended a ratio of 50 judges per million more than thirty years ago, yet this is less than half of that.[1] This …
INGREDIENTS OF STATUTORY NOTICE UNDER SECTION 138 EXPLAINED: THE LEGAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CHEQUE AMOUNTS & IMPACT OF ERRORS IN THE NOTICE.
INTRODUCTION The dishonour of cheques has long posed significant challenges in commercial transactions, raising questions of both civil and criminal liability. One recurring issue under Section 138 concerns the statutory demand notice required under proviso (b) of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (“the Act”). The law mandates that upon dishonour of a cheque, the payee …
What legal aspects should you pay attention to when buying land or a house?
Legal solutions for a risk-free property purchase When looking to purchase land or a house, a prior legal verification of the real estate in Romania is essential. Buying real estate in Romania represents a significant investment, which is why a thorough analysis of all relevant aspects of the purchase of real estate in Romania is required, involving numerous documents and procedures …
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ANRP postpones the payments for nationalized houses in Romania for 2025
How to contest an ANRP decision in Romania? Property rights are an essential attribute of society, and the issue of properties abusively taken over by the state has been a continuous concern over time, making the process of property restitution in Romania increasingly complex. A current controversial aspect is Government Ordinance No. 10/2025, which stipulates the suspension …
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ANPC suspends the activity of companies in Bucharest
How to appeal an ANPC decision? The National Authority for Consumer Protection (ANPC) has intensified its series of inspections on companies in Bucharest, imposing severe sanctions for non-compliance with consumers’ rights in Romania. Many companies have faced suspension of operations due to violations identified through ANPC complaints, with fines for consumer protection in Romania and other legal sanctions being imposed. …
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Lawyer’s analysis. The Romanian Constitutional Court has ruled: appeals suspend construction
What legal solutions are available to contractors and beneficiaries? In November 2024, the Romanian Constitutional Court issued a highly significant decision regarding the construction and real estate sector. The subject of the constitutional challenge was the legal provision stating: “Upon filing a lawsuit, the court may be requested to suspend the construction or demolition permit …
What steps should you follow when buying a business in Romania?
Due Diligence – Essential in the acquisition process Acquiring a business, even if it is joint stock company in Romania or limited liability company in Romania, requires a detailed analysis of all financial, legal and commercial aspects to eliminate risks and ensure a secure investment. Due diligence in Romania is an essential process in any transaction and …
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REFORM OF SUBSOIL USE: FROM LEGISLATIVE CHANGES TO EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
1. Legal framework On 17 January 2025, Law of Ukraine No. 4154-IX came into force, amending the Code of Ukraine on Subsurface Resources and the State Programme for the Development of Ukraine’s Mineral Resources Base for the period up to 2030. In accordance with these amendments, the Government was authorised to amend the list of …
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Supreme Court Overturns Three Decades of Precedent on Royalties Paid to U.S. Licensors
U.S. Companies Should Reassess Their Tax Strategies As cross-border licensing and settlement agreements become increasingly common and tax authorities intensify scrutiny of license fees, royalty payments, and other similar consideration (“Royalties”), understanding how Royalty payments are sourced for tax purposes is critical.
Asylum Seekers in the UK – Common Questions in 2025
MPs often receive questions from constituents about the UK asylum system and financial support for people seeking asylum. The House of Commons Library published on 16th September 2025 a list of the common questions asked and the issues which were covered.